Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System was used to monitor apoptosis during the assessment of an anti-angioneic therapy gene delivery system in a glioblastoma model (5157)

Notes: Apoptotic cells were monitored in this investigation of the chemo-preventive effect of diallyl disulfide on trichloromethane-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. (5159)

Notes: Cell death was detected using TUNEL techniques in honey bee larvae that had been treated with different pesticides. (5158)

Notes: Heregulin is a growth factor that binds to the HER/ErbB family of receptors, which includes four HER members. HER1 and HER2 overexpression in breast cancer cells is associated with higher malignancy and poorer prognosis. However, HER4 expression is associated with longer survival and more positive prognosis. The authors of this study investigated HER4-dependent growth inhibition that is mediated by heregulin. The authors determined the absolute levels of HER4 mRNA in several human breast cancer and mouse cancer cell lines. For this determination, relative cell numbers were determined using a CellTiter® AQ_ueous MTS assay. Apoptosis in heregulin-treated or untreated cells was also determined using the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System. The authors concluded that heregulin decreases growth of HER4-positive breast cancer cells, and that this growth inhibition is dependent on BRCA1. (3596)

Notes: In this study, a zebrafish homolog of the human Fgf21 gene was identified, and the role of Fgf21 signaling was investigated using Fgf21-knockdown zebrafish embryos. The Fgf21-knockdown embryos lacked erythroid and myeloid cells, but not lymphoid cells or blood vessels. Fgf21 was therefore shown to be required for erythropoiesis, but not for vasculogenesis. Lack of Fgf21 did not appear to affect apoptosis or cell proliferation rates in the intermediate cell mass. The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System was used for apoptosis determination. (3582)

Notes: RT-PCR was performed to map the subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on A549 cells. cDNA was synthesized using the Reverse Transcription System. Northern blotting to assess XIAP and survivin expression was performed, and probes were labeled using the Prime-A-Gene® Labeling System. Apoptosis was assessed in nicotine-stimulated cells using a DeadEnd™ TUNEL Assay. (3382)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System was used to analyze apoptosis on 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, sectioned mouse ganglia explanted in culture. Two groups of post-explanted ganglia were examined by TUNEL staining at 3, 24, and 48 hours.  In the control group there was positive TUNEL staining in ganglia while hyperthermic stress-treated ganglia showed no positive TUNEL staining. (3253)

Notes: The authors studied the effect of nitric oxide stress on rat Islets of Langerhans cells and rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F) and to determine if cross-linked hemoglobin (Hb-C)could mediate the stress and subsequent apoptosis.  The rat cells were treated with a nitric oxide donor SNAP and the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System was used to measure the effect of NO with or without Hb-C.  In addition, the cell viability was assessed using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay.  Twenty-four hours after SNAP treatment, the level of NO₂ (a by-product of NO) was measured using Griess Reagent to determine the level of nitric oxide production induced. (3053)

Notes: In this study, TUNEL staining of tissue was performed using Promega's DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System. (2524)

Notes: Apoptotic cells were detected in paraffin-embedded sections of mouse lung tissue with the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System. (2589)

Notes: Mouse retinal slices from mice strains deficient for Ink4d, Kip1, or both Ink4d and Kip1, as well as Ink4d/Kip1/p53-triple null mice, were characterized for apoptosis using the DeadEnd Colorimetric TUNEL System. (2442)

Notes: The apoptotic nature of neuron cell death via a chemokine-activated cell–cell communication system involving microglia was characterized. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons were obtained from embryonic day 17 rat brain. Cells were exposed to gp120_IIIB and stained for neuronal death by apoptosis using the DeadEnd Colorimetric TUNEL System. Neuronal death was also detected by immunocytochemistry using the Anti-ACTIVE^® Caspase-3 pAb (1:250 dilution). (2352)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System (DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System) was used to analyze apoptotic nuclei in mouse colon tissues. Frozen, 6µm sections were fixed in chloroform/acetone for 2 minutes. (0145)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System was used to detect apoptosis in transfected Neuro 2a cells. The cells were transfected with truncated androgen receptors that aggregate in either the nuclei or the cytoplasm. The cells with nuclear aggregates were apoptotic and those with cytoplasmic aggregates were mostly nonapoptotic. The location of the aggregates was determined with GFP fusions. The basic protocol of the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System was modified to use streptavidin-Texas Red® for fluorometric detection rather than colorimetric detection. Good detail is provided for the modifications. Neuro 2a cells expressing the aggregating AR mutations as well as various chaperonins were analyzed for cell viability at 24, 48 and 72 hours with the CellTiter 96® AQ_ueous One Solution (MTS/PES). The name of the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System has been changed to DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System. (0913)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System was used to look at apoptotic cells in wildtype and transgenic mouse spinal cord sections. The tissue was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, paraffin embedded and 5µm sections prepared. The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System is now called the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System. (1082)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System (DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System) was used to look at apoptosis in rat embryo sections. Embryos were fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2), dehydrated through graded ethanol, and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial cross or sagittal 7µm sections were dewaxed in xylene, rehydrated through graded ethanol, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, then the TUNEL assay was carried out using the DeadEnd™ System protocol. (2146)

Notes: Sections of colon from aged and young rats were compared for TUNEL-staining or BrdU staining. Both samples, young and old, had very few TUNEL-positive cells and no significant difference in BrdU staining. The TUNEL staining was performed with the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System (DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System) on 3µm sections. The colorimetric staining allowed the identification of condensed nuclei in the TUNEL-positive cells. (0052)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System (DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System) was used to analyze apoptotic nuclei in rat gastric sections in response to aspirin. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded 40µm sections were analyzed. Cells with nuclei staining dark brown (TUNEL positive) and showing the morphological symptoms of apoptosis were counted to quantitate the number of apoptotic cells. A lot detail is provided about the counting procedure. (1506)

Notes: PC12 were cells stably transfected with the Huntingtin exon-1 protein with expanded polyglutamine (150Q), and cell viability was measured using the CellTiter 96® AQ_ueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay. Apoptosis was also measured using TUNEL staining with the DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System. (2541)

Notes: The DeadEnd™ Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System (DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System) was used to identify apoptotic cells in 5µm mouse brain sections. The animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde prior to sectioning. Apoptotic neurons within layer II of the cortex of the double-null mice at stage P18 were undergoing cell death but were absent in P14 double-null mice. (0069)