Notes: Three protocols using ReliaPrep™ Blood gDNA Miniprep System kit and three protocols based on the classical phenol-chloroform extraction method were compared with respect to the yield and quality of the extracted DNA from 24 male sand flies. To evaluate the integrity and purtiy of the extracted DNA, PCR reactions were performed in a final volume of 25μL, containing 5μL of gDNA, 12.5μL of GoTaq MasterMix. (4981)

Notes: The researchers used GoTaq® Green Master Mix (Cat.# M7122) in PCR. (4653)

Notes: GoTaq^® Green Master Mix was used to amplify Tribolium castaneum  satellite DNA that had been bisulfite treated to detect methylated cytosines. The bisulfite-treated satellite DNA was amplified using methyl-specific primers in a total volume of 30µl using 2X GoTaq® Green Master Mix, 2mM mix of the primer sets, and 1µl of the bisulfite modified DNA.

  (4356)

Notes: GoTaq® Green Master Mix was used in the PCR amplification of genomic DNA template for pyrosequencing. (4541)

Notes: Mice RNA samples were converted to cDNA using an oligo-dT primer with the Reverse Transcription System, ethanol precipitated, vacuum dried and transferred to another lab. There they were reconstituted in 20μl of molecular biology grade water.

Detection of caliciviruses in the wild mice samples was attempted using generic calicivirus primers targeting sequences encoding conserved amino acid motifs in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of ORF1. Two microliters of cDNA was used in 25μl PCR reactions using the GoTaq® Green Master Mix. Laboratory mouse RNA samples were tested only with MNV-specific primers in the AccessQuick™ RT-PCR System using 2μl RNA as template.

PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T® Vector and sequenced using M13 forward and reverse primers on an ABI PRISM® 3730 DNA Analyzer. (4330)

Notes: The authors identified three genetic loci involved in chemokine-mediated antimicrobial effects against Bacillus anthracis using a transposon mutant library in which a transposon is randomly inserted into the B. anthracis genome, then treating the mutant cells with chemokine to select for resistant cells. To identify the transposon insertion site, and thus the resistance-conferring loci, the authors amplified regions flanking the transposon by PCR using the GoTaq^® Green Master Mix. (4167)

Notes: The authors created amplicons for sequencing using one of the GoTaq® Master Mix products. NGS was performed on a 454 Genome Sequencer FLX. (4919)

Notes: The authors used microarray analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in nectaries of Arabidopsis and may be involved in nectar synthesis and secretion. One of these genes was cell wall invertase 4 (cwinv4). The authors generated two Arabidopsis cwinv4 mutant lines to study gene function and used GoTaq® Green Master Mix to confirm the mutant genotype. Expression patterns of cwinv4 in wildtype Arabidopsis and an ortholog from Brassica rapa were examined in various tissues by RT-PCR. The reverse transcription step was performed using the Reverse Transcription System and 0.1µg of RNA. (4093)

Notes: Certain bacteriophages can promote host cell sporulation under unfavorable conditions to increase survival of the host and prophage. These types of phages, known as spore-converting phages, have been found in terrestrial Bacillus species. In this article the authors examined the effect of prophages on sporulation of 11 Bacillus isolates from the Gulf of Mexico. Potential prophages in the Bacillus isolates were detected by PCR using unique PCR primer sets for each prophage genome and GoTaq® Green Master Mix. One of these isolates, B14905, was examined in more detail; the genome of this isolate was isolated using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit, then sequenced. (4091)

Notes: The authors compared seedling growth rates, photosynthesis rates and expression levels of heat-responsive genes in the heat-resistant wild rice Oryza meridionalis and the domesticated rice O. sativa when grown at optimal and elevated temperatures. Proteins that were up- or downregulated in response to heat were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with nano liquid chromatography on line with tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Trypsin was used to cleave proteins prior to nanoLC-MS/MS. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed using the GoTaq® Green Master Mix to determine if the heat-responsive proteins were transcriptionally regulated. (4092)

Notes: Listeria monocytogenes uses the internalin A protein (InlA) to cross the intestinal barrier and cause foodborne illness. Mutations in inlA can introduce a premature stop codon, producing a truncated InlA protein that is secreted rather than associated with the bacterial cell wall. Strains with these inlA mutations have reduced virulence. The authors describe an inlA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genotyping assay to distinguish isolates with the inlA mutations and use this assay to screen >1,000 L. monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods and human listeriosis cases. The assay involves amplification of the full-length inlA gene using GoTaq® Colorless Master Mix, purification of amplified products, then single-base-pair extension reactions. (4099)

Notes: The authors studied the effect of nucleoside modifications in short interfering RNA (siRNA) on 5´ phosphorylation by Clp1 kinase, binding to the Argonaute protein Ago2 and Ago2-mediated cleavage. Mice were injected with 6mg/kg of a siRNA targeting apolipoprotein B (apoB), and total RNA was isolated from the livers after 24 hours. 5´ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5´ RACE) was used to monitor mRNA cleavage and degradation, as cleaved target RNA yields a 150bp amplification product and uncleaved RNA does not yield an amplification product under the amplification conditions. The amplification steps of the 5´ RACE protocol were performed using GoTaq® Colorless Master Mix and gene-specific primers. (4097)

Notes: The authors developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based assay to distinguish four Sclerotinia species. The assay consisted of amplification of a 300bp intergenic spacer and portions of the calmodulin and ras genes, followed by Southern blot using species-specific, radiolabeled probes. Amplifications were performed using the GoTaq® Colorless Master Mix, 0.2µM of each primer and 10–20ng of template DNA. (4098)

Notes: The authors identified the maize homolog of hcf136 (Zmhcf136), a gene involved in photosynthesis, and used an RNA blot to determine if ZmHcf136 transcripts accumulate preferentially in mesophyll cells. DNA probes for Zmhcf136 and several cell-specific markers were generated by PCR using GoTaq^® Green Master Mix, gel purified and radiolabeled prior to use in the RNA blots. To examine differences in protein accumulation and localization in wildtype and hcf136 mutants, proteins from subcellular fractions were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and spots of interest were excised, digested with Sequencing Grade Modified Trypsin, then analyzed by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. (3883)

Notes: Lynch syndrome (LS) is due to mutations in at least four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. There are two tumor characteristics that can be screened for in an attempt to identify patients with CRC who are most likely to have LS. These characteristics are microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of one or two of the MMR proteins in the tumor compared to normal tissue. MSI testing and IHC for the four mismatch repair proteins was performed on 500 tumors from unselected patients with CRC. If either MSI or IHC was abnormal, complete mutation analysis for the mismatch repair genes was performed. GoTaq Master Mix (Cat.# M7122, Cat.# M7132) (4111)

Notes: The authors investigated the ability of α9β1 integrin to act as a neurotrophin receptor and affect cell signaling pathways. As part of the study, RT-PCR was used to detect the presence of other neurotrophin receptors in their model cell line, SW480. Reverse transcription was performed using the Reverse Transcription System and 1µg of total RNA isolated using the SV Total RNA Isolation System. The resulting cDNA (5µg) was amplified for 35 cycles (β-actin as a control) or 40 cycles (TrkA and p75^NTR) using GoTaq® Green Master Mix. RT-PCR results were confirmed by Western blot analysis. (3884)

Notes: The authors identified an adherence factor of enterohemorrhagic E. coli that is involved in colonization of cultured epithelial cells. This factor, named E. coli common pilus (ECP), is encoded by the ecpA gene, which is present 96% of E. coli strains tested, as determined by PCR. The remaining 4% of the strains were found to be deficient in the ECP operon, as determined by multiplex PCR amplification of ecpR, ecpA, epcB and ecpC sequences. PCR were performed using GoTaq® Green Master Mix. An ecpA deletion mutant exhibited impaired adherence compared to the wildtype E. coli strain. Complementation of the mutant strain with the plasmid pMR13, the pGEM®-T Vector containing the ecpA gene, restored the strain's ability to adhere to epithelial cells. (3719)

Notes: The authors examined transcriptional regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by p53 and p63, a member of the p53 family, under stressed and unstressed conditions. Reporter constructs with the full-length and minimal VDR promoters controlling expression of firefly luciferase were cotransfected with p53 or p63 expression constructs, and transcriptional activation of the VDR promoter was monitored using the Dual-Luciferase^® Reporter 100 Assay System. Results were normalized to Renilla luciferase activity. Interaction between p73, another member of the p53 family, and the VDR promoter was examined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. The imunnopreciptated chromatin was reverse crosslinked, DNA was eluted and VDR and p21 sequences were detected by PCR using GoTaq^® Green Master Mix. (3715)

Notes: The authors characterized mutations in the acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) gene that confer resistance to the herbicide clethodim in the grass weed Lolium rigidum. The ACCase gene was amplified from clethidem-resistant and susceptible plants, then sequenced to identify previously unknown mutations. Amplifications of ACCase were performed using 300ng of genomic DNA and GoTaq^® Green Master Mix. The Wizard^® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System was used to purify PCR products directly or from agarose gels. (3721)

Notes: Total RNA was extracted from human astrocytes and control A549 cells. First strand cDNA was synthesized from 3μg of total RNA using random hexamers. PCR was performed on the cDNA samples using primers for DR4, DR5, and GAPDH with GoTaq^® Green Master Mix. The PCR was performed with an initial denaturation at 94°C for 2 minutes, followed by cycles of 30 seconds at 95°C, 30 seconds at 55°C, and 45 seconds at 72°C. The PCR products were analyzed on a 1.5% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide. (3372)

Notes: The authors generated truncations of subunit d of a vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase pump to examine the protein's function. The N- and C-termini were required for subunit stability as well as pump function and assembly. Function was restored to the C-terminal deletions of subunit d by creating a chimeric protein with the C-terminus of a subunit d homolog from Thermus thermophilus. Three tandem repeats of a hemagglutinin (HA₃) epitope were amplified and inserted at the N-terminus so that the chimeric protein could be visualized by Western blot with an anti-HA antibody. Initial amplification of the HA₃ epitope and amplifications to confirm the orientation of the epitope were performed using GoTaq^®Green Master Mix. (3720)